Understanding Heart Failure: Managing Your Heart Health

Approximately 6.7 million Americans are currently diagnosed with heart failure, and this number is projected to rise to 8.5 million by 2030. Heart failure is a chronic condition in which the heart does not pump as efficiently as it should, making it difficult to meet the body's demands. There are two main types: systolic heart failure, which occurs when the heart muscle weakens, and diastolic heart failure, which results from the heart muscle becoming stiff. Both types can lead to increased pressure in the heart and lungs, causing a range of symptoms.

Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure

• Shortness of breath, especially with exertion, when lying flat, or waking up at night
• Frequent dry, hacking cough or pink, frothy mucus
• Dizziness or fainting
• Swollen feet, ankles, and/or legs (edema)
• Nausea with abdominal swelling or tenderness
• Chest pain that is unrelieved by nitroglycerin or any unusual chest pain
• Sudden weight changes

Please keep in mind that if you experience sudden or severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, or rapid swelling, seek medical attention immediately.

Causes of Heart Failure

Heart failure can develop due to a variety of factors, including—but not limited to—high blood pressure, blocked arteries, heart valve disease, excessive alcohol or drug use, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, and viral infections. In some cases, the exact cause remains unknown.

Diagnosing Heart Failure

Heart failure is diagnosed through a combination of tests, including:

• Electrocardiogram (EKG): Evaluates the heart’s electrical activity
• Echocardiogram (cardiac ultrasound): Assesses heart function and structure
• Nuclear stress tests/scans: Measures blood flow to the heart
• Cardiac catheterization: Examines the heart’s arteries and function
• Blood tests: Detects signs of heart failure and underlying conditions

Treatment and Lifestyle Management

Heart failure is managed with a combination of medications and lifestyle changes to improve heart function and overall health. Treatment may include:

• Medications to help regulate heart rate, improve pumping function, reduce fluid buildup, and manage anemia
• Lifestyle changes, such as:
  • Following a heart-healthy diet and limiting salt intake
  • Engaging in regular physical activity
  • Managing weight and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption
  • Eliminating nicotine use
  • Prioritizing quality sleep and stress management
  • Scheduling regular check-ups with a healthcare provider

Heart Failure Program

A heart failure diagnosis is lifelong, but with the right care, it can be effectively managed. Our Heart Failure Program is designed to ensure you receive the best medications, education, and support for maintaining your heart health. We encourage prompt evaluation when symptoms fluctuate and provide guidance on making sustainable, healthy lifestyle choices.

Staying Active This Winter

During the winter season, staying active is key to both mental and heart health. Consider walking indoors, joining a gym, or participating in pool exercises. The American Heart Association recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. Be mindful of your body—take breaks when needed, stay hydrated, and avoid overexertion.

Cold weather can put additional strain on the heart, so it’s best to avoid outdoor exercise when temperatures drop below 20°F, as the cold constricts blood vessels, making it harder for your heart to pump efficiently. Staying active and taking precautions will help keep your heart strong throughout the season.

Wishing you a happy and heart-healthy winter!

Kari Pfab, ARNP
Cardiology Department
Medical Associates Clinic